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Quantum Computing crypto & block chain security & risk

Latest update Today news 20 Feb 2025

MICROSOFT REVEALS ITS FIRST QUANTUM COMPUTING CHIP, THE MAJORANA 1

 

Quantum Computing, Cybersecurity, and Blockchain: The Future of Digital Security

Introduction

The rapid advancements in technology have brought new opportunities as well as unprecedented threats. The intersection of Quantum Computing, Cybersecurity, and Blockchain is now at the forefront of global discussions on security and digital transformation. This article delves into the implications of these fields, the threats they pose, and their impact on national security and financial systems.

Bullet Points used in this article

Key People & Organizations

Countries & Places

Technology & Concepts

Jobs & Future Trends

Cryptocurrency & Blockchain

Sources & References

 

 

 

 


 

AI, Data, and the Four Possibilities of Information Extraction

In the evolving landscape of AI and data, there are four key scenarios when it comes to extracting meaningful information:

1.   Known - Known Variables

o   All the data is available, and you already understand its impact.

o   The challenge is that the data is scattered or unstructured, making it hard to locate.

o   AI's Role: AI can quickly organize and retrieve the desired information, delivering results in seconds.

2.   Known - Unknown Variables

o   You have the data, but you don’t know what impact it has.

o   The structure or format might be unclear, making insights difficult to derive.

o   AI's Role: AI helps analyze patterns and relationships, uncovering hidden insights from the available data.

3.   Unknown - Known Variables

o   You’re unaware of whether the data exists, but AI can search vast libraries and databases to retrieve it.

o   AI's Role: AI scans and extracts meaningful data that was previously unnoticed or overlooked.

 

4.   Unknown - Unknown Variables (The Future of Quantum AI)

o   Neither the data nor its impact is known.

o   This is a predictive mode where AI goes beyond existing knowledge.

o   Quantum AI's Role: Quantum AI will revolutionize problem-solving by predicting and generating data where none exists.

o   Example: Russia’s breakthrough in cancer treatment using AI-driven RNA and DNA analysis—tailoring treatments at a personal genetic level.

 

Quantum AI – Making the Impossible Possible

Quantum AI will take research and discovery to a whole new level, solving problems in seconds that were once considered impossible or took decades to crack. The future of AI is not just about finding data but creating new possibilities. 🚀

 

 

Moore’s Law and the Path to Singularity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Singularity Zone: The Intersection of AI and Quantum Computing

·       Singularity is when one computer becomes smarter than all humans combined means collective human intelligence on the earth equal ONE COMPUTER.

 

 

Moore’s Law and the Path to Singularity

Moore’s Law states that computing power doubles every two years while the cost and size decrease. This follows a linear growth phase initially, where changes seem slow and insignificant. However, once it reaches an inflection point, it enters an exponential phase, leading to rapid breakthroughs.

 

 

·  Original Prediction (2045): Ray Kurzweil, based on Moore’s Law, predicted singularity would occur by August 2045.

 

https://www.google.com/search?q=Ray+Kurzweil+singularity+August+2045&oq=Ray+Kurzweil+singularity+August+2045&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigAdIBCjE0OTQ2ajBqMTWoAgiwAgHxBTGeMGOLMZOc8QUxnjBjizGTnA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

 


 

Examples of Evolution in Computing:

1.   Early Progress (Linear Phase):

o   266 MHz → 366 MHz processors (slow but steady growth)

o   Intel Pentium series (P3, P4)

2.   Breakthrough (Exponential Phase):

o   AI processors, GPUs, TPUs

o   Quantum processors—massive leaps in speed and capability

3.   The Final Leap (Singularity Phase):

o   Once Quantum AI reaches full potential, advancements will accelerate beyond human comprehension.

 

 

Projected Timeline for Singularity

 

 

https://www.reddit.com/r/singularity/comments/1huuhsm/your_singularity_predictions_for_2030/

 

 

 

 


 

 

Concerns About Singularity – The Elon Musk Warning

“It's called singularity for a reason,” Musk said in reference to the host of the event. “When you have the advent of super intelligence, it's very difficult to predict what will happen next—there's some chance it will end humanity.” Musk added that he agreed with “A.I.26 Mar 2024

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+elon+musk+warning+on+singularity+and+ai+&num=10&sca_esv=c626e369dc3244e1&sxsrf=AHTn8zqF0EZ9JfghEEWoU81E-HupyPCmjA%3A1739735199815&ei=n0CyZ8q9MfeS4-EPxsPeiQM&ved=0ahUKEwiKidrU-siLAxV3yTgGHcahNzEQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=the+elon+musk+warning+on+singularity+and+ai+&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiLHRoZSBlbG9uIG11c2sgd2FybmluZyBvbiBzaW5ndWxhcml0eSBhbmQgYWkgMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAEyBRAhGKABMgUQIRigATIFECEYnwVImqkCULEJWL-kAnAGeAGQAQCYAa8BoAGXHaoBBDAuMjm4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAiKgAs8cqAIUwgIKEAAYsAMY1gQYR8ICBxAjGCcY6gLCAgoQIxjwBRgnGOoCwgIUEAAYgAQYkQIYtAIYigUY6gLYAQHCAhQQABiABBjjBBi0AhjpBBjqAtgBAcICBhAAGBYYHsICCRAAGBYYxwMYHsICCxAAGIAEGIYDGIoFwgIIEAAYgAQYogTCAgUQABjvBcICBxAhGKABGAqYAwjxBfFJwBimPC6riAYBkAYIugYGCAEQARgBkgcENi4yOKAHtW8&sclient=gws-wiz-serp

 

What Happens When We Reach Singularity?

1.   AI Becomes Smarter Than All of Humanity Combined

2.   Self-Evolving AI – No human intervention needed for AI’s next advancements.

3.   Massive Shifts in Economy & Society – AI could automate jobs, make decisions, and possibly reshape governance and ethics.

 

China’s Quantum Computing Claims and Global Security Concerns

 

·       The quantum computing breakthrough that could potentially break SHA/RSA 256 and 512 encryption is known as Shor's algorithm; this algorithm, when implemented on a powerful enough quantum computer, can efficiently factor large numbers, which is the basis for the security of RSA encryption, effectively breaking it and rendering SHA-256 and SHA-512 vulnerable as well. 

·       Key points about Shor's algorithm 

https://www.google.com/search?q=quantum+computing+breakthrough+that+could+potentially+break+SHA%2FRSA+256+and+512+encryption.&oq=quantum+computing+breakthrough+that+could+potentially+break+SHA%2FRSA+256+and+512+encryption.&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDEwNTVqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

 

Why is this a Major Concern?

China vs. India in Quantum Computing

The Bigger Picture

If quantum computing truly breaks encryption, it could redefine cybersecurity, financial transactions, and national security worldwide. Whether China’s claim is fully accurate or not, the race for quantum supremacy is now more critical than ever. 🚀

Why is Crypto Expensive & How Quantum Computing Threatens It?

1.   Limited Supply – Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have a fixed supply, making them scarce and valuable.

2.   Strong Encryption – Bitcoin and other cryptos rely on SHA/RSA encryption, which is currently impossible to break with classical computers.

Quantum Computing Threat to Crypto

 

 

Why Are Countries Investing in Quantum Computing?

Bottom line: If quantum breakthroughs happen, the crypto market could collapse unless new quantum-safe encryption methods are developed.

 

Country

Public Investment in Quantum Computing

Notable Initiatives

China

$15.3 billion

National Laboratory for Quantum Information Sciences

European Union

$7.2 billion

Quantum Technologies Flagship program

United States

$3.8 billion

National Quantum Initiative Act

Germany

$3.1 billion

Quantum Technologies – From Basic Research to Market

United Kingdom

$1.2 billion

National Quantum Technologies Programme

India

$1 billion

National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications

France

$1.8 billion

National Strategy for Quantum Technologies

Netherlands

$615 million

Quantum Delta NL initiative

Russia

$663 million

Quantum Technologies Roadmap

Japan

$280 million

Quantum Technology Innovation Strategy

 

 

 


Here is a detailed tabular comparison of quantum computing advancements, their impact on encryption (e.g., breaking SHA), and the progress of different countries:

Quality Factor

Explanation

Example (Impact on SHA Encryption)

Cubic Advancement (Time Period)

Leading Countries

Classical Computers

Operate on binary logic (0s and 1s)

Cannot break SHA-256 in practical time

N/A

USA, China, India, EU

Early Quantum (5-40 Qubits)

Limited processing power, used for research

Cannot break strong encryption yet

2010-2023

USA, China, Canada, EU

Intermediate Quantum (50-200 Qubits)

Can achieve Quantum Advantage for specific tasks

Slight weakening of encryption but not fully broken

2023-2025

USA, China, UK, France

Advanced Quantum (200-500 Qubits)

Capable of solving complex problems faster than classical computers

Can challenge RSA/SHA-256 encryption but inefficient

2025-2030

China, USA, Germany, Russia

Strong Quantum (500-1000+ Qubits)

Large-scale quantum computation with significant processing power

Can break RSA-256/SHA-512 encryption within hours or minutes

2030-2035

China, USA, Canada, Japan

Super Quantum (1000+ Qubits, Fault-Tolerant)

Fully scalable, error-corrected quantum computing

Can break RSA-256/SHA-512 encryption in seconds

2035+

China (expected leader), USA, EU

Key Observations:


 

Quantum-Safe Encryption Alternatives 🚀

As quantum computers advance, traditional encryption methods like RSA-256, SHA-512, and ECC will become vulnerable. To counter this, researchers are developing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms that are resistant to quantum attacks.

. Lattice-Based Cryptography (Best Candidate)

✅ Why? Hard mathematical problems like Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) and Learning With Errors (LWE) are difficult for quantum computers.
🔹 Example Algorithms: NTRU, Kyber, and Dilithium
🔹 Use Cases: Secure communication, digital signatures, VPNs
🔹 Status: NIST has selected Kyber for post-quantum encryption (2024)

2. Code-Based Cryptography

✅ Why? Based on error-correcting codes, which quantum computers cannot efficiently solve.
🔹 Example Algorithm: McEliece (used since the 1970s, still unbroken)
🔹 Use Cases: Secure email (PGP), authentication
🔹 Status: Being considered in NIST’s post-quantum cryptography standards

3. Multivariate Polynomial Cryptography

✅ Why? Uses systems of polynomial equations that quantum computers struggle with.
🔹 Example Algorithms: Rainbow (NIST finalist)
🔹 Use Cases: Digital signatures, identity verification
🔹 Status: Some attacks exist, but improvements are ongoing

4. Hash-Based Cryptography

✅ Why? Relies on cryptographic hash functions (quantum-resistant).
🔹 Example Algorithm: SPHINCS+ (approved by NIST)
🔹 Use Cases: Digital signatures for blockchain and IoT
🔹 Status: NIST-approved for secure digital signatures

5. Symmetric-Key Cryptography (Quantum-Safe)

✅ Why? Algorithms like AES-256 and SHA-3 remain safe if key sizes are doubled.
🔹 Example Algorithms: AES-256, SHA-3, HMAC
🔹 Use Cases: Secure file storage, encrypted messaging
🔹 Status: Still safe but requires larger key sizes for future security

Future of Quantum-Safe Cryptography

  1. Hybrid Cryptography 🛡️ – A mix of classical and quantum-resistant methods for a smooth transition.
  2. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) 🔑 – Uses quantum mechanics to create unbreakable encryption keys (already tested in China & USA).
  3. NIST Standardization 📜 – By 2025-2030, governments and enterprises will start mandatory PQC adoption.


 

Migrating to Quantum-Safe Encryption: A Step-by-Step Guide

As quantum computers advance, traditional encryption methods (RSA, ECC, SHA) will become obsolete. Organizations need to transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to remain secure.

1. Steps for Businesses & Banks to Migrate to Quantum-Safe Encryption

Step No.

Action

Description

1

Risk Assessment

Identify vulnerable encryption methods in your systems (RSA, ECC, etc.).

2

Inventory Encryption Assets

List all encrypted data, communication protocols, and authentication systems.

3

Hybrid Cryptography Implementation

Use a combination of classical and quantum-safe encryption (e.g., Kyber + AES-256).

4

Upgrade Key Management

Increase key sizes and update encryption libraries for quantum-resistant algorithms.

5

Testing & Validation

Run simulations with quantum-safe cryptography before full deployment.

6

Compliance with NIST Standards

Follow NIST-approved PQC algorithms like Kyber, Dilithium, and SPHINCS+.

7

Full Transition & Monitoring

Gradually replace legacy encryption while monitoring for vulnerabilities.


 

2. Why Haven’t Banks, Companies & Blockchain Adopted Quantum-Safe Cryptography Yet?

Challenges

Why It’s a Problem?

Suggested Solutions

Legacy System Compatibility

Current financial systems are deeply integrated with RSA & ECC encryption.

Implement hybrid cryptography with both classical & PQC algorithms.

Performance Overhead

PQC algorithms may require more processing power and memory.

Optimize hardware and adopt more efficient PQC algorithms like Kyber.

Lack of Standardization

NIST only finalized PQC standards in 2024, and global adoption is slow.

Governments & companies should mandate PQC adoption by 2030.

Blockchain Immutability Issue

Quantum computers could break cryptographic signatures used in blockchain transactions.

Upgrade blockchain consensus algorithms to quantum-safe methods like Lattice-based cryptography.

Cost of Migration

Banks & enterprises would need to upgrade hardware and encryption protocols.

Invest in quantum-safe cloud computing and hybrid models.

Regulatory Delays

Governments and financial institutions are waiting for NIST & ISO regulations.

Early adoption incentives and mandatory post-quantum security compliance.

Cybersecurity Skill Gap

Very few professionals have expertise in quantum cryptography.

More funding for Quantum Cybersecurity Training & Research.

 

3. Expected Timeline for Quantum-Safe Adoption

Year

Milestone

2025

Tech giants (Google, IBM, Microsoft) begin large-scale PQC adoption.

2027

Banks & enterprises start hybrid encryption (mixing classical + PQC).

2030

Governments enforce mandatory quantum-safe encryption.

2035

Blockchain networks complete transition to quantum-resistant cryptography.

2040

Fully quantum-secure financial & digital systems.


 

Preparing Your Business for Quantum Security Risks

As quantum computing advances, businesses, banks, and blockchain networks must act now to secure their systems against future threats. Here’s a strategic guide to prepare:

🔴 Key Challenges in Adopting Quantum-Safe Cryptography

  1. 🚀 High Investment Costs – Upgrading encryption infrastructure requires significant financial investment.
  2. 🛠️ Legacy System Integration Issues – Existing IT systems are deeply embedded with classical encryption.
  3. 💾 Performance Overhead – Some quantum-safe algorithms require more processing power.
  4. 📜 Lack of Standardization – Quantum-safe cryptography (PQC) is still evolving; regulations are not fully in place.
  5. 🔐 Blockchain & Crypto Vulnerability – Blockchain networks rely on cryptographic security, which quantum computers can break.
  6. 🕰️ Slow Regulatory Adoption – Financial and government institutions are hesitant to enforce PQC due to uncertainty.
  7. 👨‍💻 Cybersecurity Skill Gap – Shortage of professionals with expertise in post-quantum cryptography.
  8. 🔄 Transition Complexity – Migrating to quantum-safe encryption requires a phased and well-planned approach.
  9. ⚡ Risk of Premature Implementation – Deploying early, untested PQC solutions may create new security vulnerabilities.
  10. 🌍 Global Competition & Geopolitical Risks – Countries like China and the U.S. are leading in quantum computing, creating a cybersecurity race.

✅ How Businesses Can Prepare for Quantum Security Risks

  1. Start Hybrid Cryptography Now – Use a mix of classical & post-quantum cryptography (e.g., Kyber + AES-256).
  2. Conduct Quantum Risk Assessments – Identify vulnerable encryption protocols in your business.
  3. Invest in Quantum-Safe Solutions – Upgrade cybersecurity infrastructure with post-quantum algorithms.
  4. Train Cybersecurity Teams – Upskill teams in PQC to bridge the skill gap.
  5. Follow NIST & ISO Standards – Implement government-approved quantum-resistant encryption.
  6. Monitor Quantum Computing Progress – Stay updated on advancements to adapt strategies.
  7. Advocate for Regulatory Readiness – Work with policymakers to drive PQC adoption.
  8. Upgrade Blockchain Security – Implement quantum-resistant blockchain protocols.
  9. Implement Secure Cloud-Based Quantum Solutions – Use cloud providers offering quantum-resistant encryption.
  10. Develop a Quantum Migration Roadmap – Set a timeline for transitioning to PQC before 2030.

🚀 Quantum-Safe Cryptography Migration Roadmap

Phase

Timeline

Key Actions

Expected Challenges

Solutions

1. Awareness & Assessment

2024 - 2025

- Conduct Quantum Risk Assessments

    

 


🚀 India's Quantum Future: The Next Big Wave in Technology & Jobs

🔮 The Shift Towards Quantum Technologies

🌏 Global Quantum Investments (2023-2024)

Country

Investment in Quantum ($ Billion)

Current Status

Time Advantage Over India

🇨🇳 China

$15 Billion (2023-24)

World leader in quantum research

10 years ahead of India

🇺🇸 USA

$0.8 - 1 Billion

Strong private sector investment

  

🇮🇳 India

$800M - $1 Billion

National Quantum Mission launched

10 years to reach quantum maturity

📢 India's Quantum Initiative: A Step Forward

👨‍💻 The Future Job Market in Quantum

🚀 Why Quantum Security Experts Are the Future?

India is on the right path, but massive investments & talent development are needed to compete globally. 🔥


🔧 Tools & Technologies to Learn

🔹 IBM Qiskit – Open-source quantum computing framework
🔹 Google Cirq – For building quantum algorithms
🔹 Microsoft Q# – Quantum programming language
🔹 D-Wave Ocean SDK – For quantum annealing applications
🔹 AWS Braket – Cloud-based quantum computing

 

 

🎯 How to Get Started?

📖 Best Online Courses & Certifications

1️⃣ IBM Quantum Computing for Developers – IBM Qiskit
2️⃣ Google’s Quantum Computing Course – Cirq & Quantum AI
3️⃣ MIT Quantum Mechanics & Computation – Theoretical + Practical
4️⃣ Microsoft Quantum Development Kit – Q# Language
5️⃣ NPTEL India Quantum Computing Courses – Free Govt-backed learning

🛠 Hands-on Practice

✔️ Try IBM Quantum Experience (Free cloud quantum computing)
✔️ Experiment with Google Cirq & Microsoft Q#
✔️ Solve real-world problems using Quantum Algorithms

 


 

 

Source of Information:

I have been collecting raw or unpolished data for many months or weeks. My main sources include:

·       Google: For searching and gathering information on topics like investments in countries such as China, USA, and India, as well as quantum computing breakthroughs.
Example searches:

o   Quantum computing breakthrough that could potentially break SHA/RSA 256 and 512 encryption

o   Ray Kurzweil singularity August 2045

·       Articles and News: Websites like CSO Online, Live Science, VOA Voice OF America News, BBC Hindi/English, and The Hindu have provided me with news and updates on technology, cybersecurity, and quantum computing.
Example links:

o   Chinese researchers break RSA encryption with a quantum computer

o   Chinese scientists claim they broke RSA encryption with a quantum computer

o   India-linked APT group carried out phishing attacks

·       Reddit: Discussions on subreddits like r/singularity and r/IsaacArthur have given me insights into topics like the technological singularity and Moore's Law.
Example links:

o   Your singularity predictions for 2030

o   Moore's Law and Technological Singularity

·       Wikipedia: For general information on people like Ajai Chowdhry and concepts like quantum computing.
Example link:

o   Ajai Chowdhry

·       Tools and Websites: I’ve used tools like Geospy, Have I Been Pwned, and NCSI Index to explore cybersecurity and hacking-related data.
Example links:

o   Geospy

o   Have I Been Pwned

o   NCSI Index

·       TV and Radio Shows: Programs like DD National’s Cyber Crime Ki Duniya and RJ Raunak’s FM show on cybercrime have kept me updated on real-world cybersecurity issues.

·       ChatGPT: I’ve used AI tools like ChatGPT to help organize and structure my rough data into a more readable format.

 

 

Why I’m Interested in This Topic:

My interest in cybersecurity and quantum computing started in 2014 after watching the movie The Interview. Since then, I’ve been following news, articles, and historical data on these topics. Over the years, I’ve spent time learning about:

·       Cybersecurity: I’ve been using two-factor authentication (2FA) since 2016-17, long before it became common. I’ve also worked on solving white-hat vulnerabilities and bugs, which deepened my interest.
Example link:

o   China launches 504-qubit quantum computing chip

·       Quantum Computing: I’m fascinated by breakthroughs like Chinese researchers claiming to break RSA encryption using quantum computers. I’ve also explored topics like SHA and RSA encryption, and how quantum computing could impact them.

·       Global Cybersecurity Trends: I follow cybersecurity indexes and reports to understand how countries like India, China, and the USA are tackling cyber threats.

·       Real-World Applications: I’ve noticed how hacking attempts on WordPress sites are increasing, and I’ve worked on blocking IP addresses to prevent such attacks.

Every week, I dedicate at least 2 hours to learning about white-hat security and related concepts. My goal is to stay updated and contribute to making the digital world safer.

 

 

Thank you to everyone, websites, individuals, and organizations for providing me with the opportunity and resources to focus on and write about these topics. Your contributions have been invaluable in helping me explore and understand complex subjects like quantum computing, cybersecurity, and technological advancements.

Special thanks to:

·       Websites and Platforms: Google, CSO Online, Live Science, The Hindu, Reddit, Wikipedia, Geospy, Have I Been Pwned, and NCSI Index for providing reliable information and data.

·       Individuals: Experts like Ajai Chowdhry and Amit Dubey (India's National Security Advisor) for their insights and contributions to the field.

·       Organizations: VOA News, BBC, and IoT World Today for their consistent coverage of global cybersecurity and quantum computing developments.

·       AI Tools: ChatGPT for helping me organize and structure my thoughts into a coherent format.

 

I appreciate all the websites, individuals, organizations, and domains that contributed valuable information, allowing me to explore and write on this topic. Their support has helped me bring focus to these important discussions.

 

 

 
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